\part{Joshi}


In Japanese joshi are extremely central to the language's grammar, forming the foundations of Japanese. They are of reasonably small number, but they will be crucial in denoting the relationship that doushi (as well as keiyoushi and keiyoudoushi) have with their objects. They go way beyond this however, providing context in many situations.

Joushi handle much of what English would use prepositions, some adverbs, and some conjunctions to do, and furthermore, they often lack appropriate direct translations to English equivalents. A strong understanding of Japanese joushi is a key ingredinet to understanding the nature of Japanese.
Particles may have several distinct uses, so it is advised to take care on how to interpret particles.

が (nominative; subject)

は (nominative; topic)


も (nominative; topic; means 'also' or 'too' or 'even')
も (both)

を (accusative; direct)

より(than; rather than; 'from one side')

だけ (limited to, up to, only)
のみ (soley, only,)
ほど (much, level, extent)


の (nominalizer)
の (genitive; possessive)
の (explanatory)
の (emphatic interrogative)


に (dative)

で (instrumental)
で (locative)


へ  (lative)

から (ablative)
から (because)


と (with)
と (listing; and; exhaustive)
と (if; natural consequence)
と (quoting)

とか (listing; such as, and; vague)

や (listing; and ; inexaustive)

し (listing; as well as; inexaustive; emphatic)


\chapter{Conjunctions}
しかし
そして

間
なお
ちなみに
以上
また
まだ

既に
もう

